Chinese-English Glossary

The site's documentation, source code and issues use one set of terms in both languages. When you write docs or issues, or read the other language's pages, take your wording from this page.

Identifiers (class names, JSON keys, commands, module names, paths, version strings) keep their original form in both languages, and this page gives no translations for them.

Core terminology

Grouped by subsystem. The left column is the term used in the English pages, the right column is the Chinese wording that appears in the Chinese pages. Everyday prose outside these tables follows ordinary technical English.

Model and animation

English	中文	Notes
pose	Pose / 姿态	The code type name is Pose; not posture or stance
static pose	静态姿态	A constantly sampled clip; channel ownership and reset rules are the same as for any other clip
pose blending	姿态混合	Layers compose in a fixed order: the base layer sets the reference, additive layers accumulate local motion, override layers replace the masked bone range
pose provider	姿态供应器	Where Supplier<WorldCameraView> appears it is a Java interface; write Supplier
PoseDriver	PoseDriver	Class name, not translated
clip	片段	"Animation clip" names the same thing
named clip library	命名片段库
sampler	采样器
sample / sampling	采样
evaluate / evaluation	求值	Not compute: compute is the arithmetic engine package of the formula module
timeline	时间轴
shared timeline	共享时间轴	Driven by a single host; models and the camera only follow it
clock	时钟	An independent player owns its clock: game ticks advance time, and render frames only sample by partial tick
keyframe	关键帧
component track	分量轨道	Each track drives one component of x / y / z / yaw / pitch / roll / zoom
easing	缓动	Reuses the model's Easing and applies to the next segment after a keyframe
morph	morph	Not translated; not deformation or blend shape
material frame	材质帧
bone mask	骨骼掩码	Affects only the listed bone groups
layer	层 / 状态层	Multiple layers run in parallel and their poses are composed into the model each tick
layered state machine	分层状态机	The FSM is a Mecanim-style layered state machine
transition	转移
guard	守卫	All guards must be true for the transition to be allowed
trigger	触发器	Points at a boolean variable name or id; raising it fires
state variable	状态变量
cross-fade	淡入淡出	Cross-fade for both Chinese wordings; 0 switches immediately
variant	变体	Not version or edition, which here mean a resource version
variant selector	变体选择器
context	上下文	The Multiplexer's context snapshot; unrelated to the "host frame context" of the rendering framework
retargeting	重定向	Topology retargeting between skeletons is the integrator's responsibility; code entry point AnimationPlayback.retarget
formula track	公式轨道	Evaluated every frame

Skeleton, physics and ragdoll

English	中文	Notes
skeleton	骨架 / Skeleton	Structures always take skeleton; not framework
bone	骨骼 / Bone
bind pose	绑定姿态	Code field bindPoseFollowers
skinning	蒙皮	Same form for noun and gerund; not skin, since Skin / SkinInstance are the format's skin data in glTF/PMX
skin weight	蒙皮权重
rigid body	刚体	GenericRigidBody is the default for non-PMX content
joint	关节
constraint	约束
limit	限位	Only limit / limits, never limiter or position limit
reverse mapping	反向映射	ikChainsByBone() gives the mapping from a driver bone to every chain that controls it
inverse kinematics (IK)	逆向运动学 / IK	The abbreviation IK is not translated
diamond closure	菱形闭环	Two bases share a pivot at the bind position and two tips stand for the same closure point. Not diamond constraint or diamond loop
closure residual	闭环残差	Counts both the tip separation and the base separation; stopping the iteration does not mean convergence, so diagnostics keep residual and satisfied
driver bone	驱动骨
effector bone	末端骨 / effector	The field name effector stays; use endpoint only when describing the closure point
chain / IK chain	链 / IK 链	From base to tip; the last link points at the effector
writeback	写回	Not feedback or write into
fixed step	固定步长	KinematicDriver.beginStep(world) runs before every fixed step
physics writeback	物理写回	Only the hierarchy is rebuilt afterwards; IK cannot be solved again
ragdoll	布娃娃
active ragdoll	主动布娃娃	The same frame's animation/IK targets become bounded PD spring forces and torques; Box3D still handles contacts and joints
secondary motion	次级运动	Not secondary physics; keys such as include_secondary_bodies are copied verbatim
body profile	主体 profile	profile stays as is; the profile generates capsules, semantic mass and joints from the actual bone segments
floating origin	浮动原点	The model root's world translation is moved out of the float bone matrices and kept as a separate double worldOrigin
large coordinates	大坐标
world anchor	世界锚点	The double world anchor is kept apart from the local float physics coordinates; environment collision, rays and drag are converted into one simulation frame first
solver	求解器	CalikoIkSolver offers solve() and results()
sleeping	休眠	Sleeps a whole group of rigid bodies; turn it off when debugging contacts or continuous airborne simulation
impulse	冲量	Changes velocity immediately; not momentum; code entry point applyImpulse
force / torque	力 / 力矩	Integrated by the next native Box3D step; not strength
drag	拖拽	Creates a kinematic anchor and a spherical joint in native Box3D instead of teleporting the body
environment mesh	环境网格	StaticEnvironmentMesh incrementally syncs MC terrain through putCell / removeCell; Java never solves collisions
contact	接触	A negative separation means penetration
take over	接管	IK takes over the authored local pose of the chain bones; with physics enabled, physics takes over pose evaluation
crosshair picking	准星拾取	The mouse button (0 is the left button) and the maximum picking distance
base body	素体	The undressed base humanoid model; not bare model

Rendering and output

English	中文	Notes
pipeline	管线	Not conduit or duct
model pipeline	模型管线	ModelPipeLine
scheduling	调度	ModelRenderScheduler keeps one policy per mounted instance, ALWAYS by default
visibility	可见性	Continuous drawing, explicit host control and the vanilla renderer mark are the three policies
culling	剔除	Not cropping or clipping
frustum	视锥	Always view frustum
render distance	视距	setMaxRenderDistance(instance, blocks) culls by squared camera distance; 0 means unlimited
frame mark	帧标记	The host renderer calls markRenderedThisFrame within its visible frame; the first model pass calls flipFrame once
gate (verb: gating)	门控 / 闸门	Two Chinese wordings for one concept, both gate; distance and frustum are extra gates on top of the mode
mount	挂载	The registry matches mounts by the caller's key; not installation
attachment	装备挂接	McModelHandle.attachToAnchor / detachFromAnchor
camera view	机位	One rendering unit inside the same client process; not camera, rig or station
multi-camera	多机位	Never multi-view (see "Terms that are easy to translate wrongly")
view	视角	view ID identifies an already rendered view; do not mix it up with camera view
main view	主视角	Not main camera
main frame	主画面	MIRROR delivers both the FBO and the display window
offscreen	离屏
borrow	借用	Output is a synchronous read-only borrow on the render thread; consumers may not resize or delete textures
read-only borrow	只读借用
compositing	合成
effect	效果	Effects of the same kind share renderers and pipeline state
post-processing	后处理
scope	作用域	A registrar for dynamic content that closes the resources it owns; parent scopes own child scopes
descriptor	描述	An immutable value that defines a piece of resource configuration
generation	分代	Shader handles stay stable across resource reloads while the internal compiled instances are replaced per generation
upload	上传	A GPU upload receives a complete snapshot; the dirty range describes the changed elements
in-flight read	在途读取	Storage cannot be overwritten while the GPU is still reading it
upload ring	上传环	UploadRing handles slot rotation, dirty-element merging, version tracking and resource lifetime
atlas	图集	Base color, normal and specular are packed into three matching atlases
material variant	材质变体	Same source texture with different parameters produces an independent variant and independent normal/specular sprites
straight alpha	直通 alpha
translucent replay	半透明回放	Every draw and every translucent replay records consumption; a completion marker must not be missed even when this frame's data did not change
ray marching	光线步进	The cloud field is drawn with one sky-covering ray march plus one composite pass, never one full-screen pass per cloud
self-shadowing	自遮光	The cloud field samples nearby density along the sun direction to approximate its own shadowing
batching	合批	Static block geometry suits section mesh batching
host	宿主	The host owns the frame and view entry points; the backend owns resources and drawing
backend	后端
geometry adapter	几何适配器	Converts model representations; the resource factory creates one instance's resources
frame output	帧输出	The WYSIWYG output entry point for the final frame
render thread	渲染线程	Register on the render thread and keep the returned registration

Data-driven

English	中文	Notes
data-driven	数据驱动
registration phase	注册期	The stage in which a mod writes objects into MC registries (such as BuiltInRegistries.BLOCK) during startup and construction; table headers shorten it to registration
reload phase	reload 期	The resource re-read triggered by /reload; the source is the pack stack, so data packs can override it
the two phases	两个时机	registration phase and reload phase; not "two timings"
domain	域	The two arrays of an index manifest: on_register (registration domain) and on_reload (reload domain); code Diagnostics.Domain
registration domain / reload domain	注册域 / 重载域
bucket	桶	A list holding diagnostics, split by mod id and by type; not basket or pail
index manifest	索引清单	Lists paths only and holds no object definitions; "index file" is the same thing, not list or inventory
content file	内容文件	The single source of truth for block, item and group definitions
top-level type	顶层类型	A content file's top-level field name is the top-level registry type and its value must be an array of objects
embedded type	内嵌类型	Such as block_entities, which is not a top-level field
factory	工厂	When no factory matches a type, the entry is logged as a WARN and skipped without entering the error bucket
factory registration key	工厂注册键	The type field of a JSON entry
property parser	属性解析器	The block-side layer is JsonPropertyParser.registerCompiler; the API name there is compiler
registry group	注册组	Establishes property grouping (parent / child)
embedded block entity	内嵌方块实体
last-wins	后写覆盖 / last-wins	The last write wins for a duplicate effective id; resource pack overrides follow pack stack order; code comments spell it last-wins
deduplication	去重	DuplicateIdResolver is a pure last-wins deduplication
orchestrator	编排器	Also written 编排者, same meaning; code ReloadOrchestrator
dispatch	分派	Code dispatchContent
phase	阶段	Coexists with the registration and reload phases and denotes a handler's execution stage (PHASE_GROUPS)
hot reload	热更	New content takes effect right after /reload; some content is loaded once and cannot be hot reloaded
pack stack	包栈	Read from data packs rather than the jar, so data packs can override these files
directory glob	目录 glob	glob stays as is; declared by FsmReloadHandler.globDirectories()
content tree	内容树	The parsing layer only builds the raw content tree
diagnostics facade	诊断门面	diagnostics/Diagnostics.java is the single diagnostics outlet
animation clip	动画剪辑	A bone / morph / material frame track sampled along a timeline; JSON key animation_clips
decoder	解码器	A pure file-layer component (StateMachineDefinitionLoader / AnimationClipLoader); parse, decode and solve are independent

Lifecycle, build and verification

English	中文	Notes
lifecycle	生命周期
idempotent	幂等	Not idempotency when used as an adjective
prepare-then-publish	先准备，再发布	A new mount must be prepared successfully before it can be published; on a failed replacement the unpublished new context is closed and the old mount kept
invalidate	失效	Invalidation and eviction do not modify results already handed out; code invalidate(Model)
resource reload	资源重载	Cache eviction does not destroy a model that is still rendering; a resource reload requires the host to end its old instances before releasing their borrowed resources
source set	源集	A Gradle source set, such as contentTesting
test fixture	测试夹具	Not shipped with the library; not clamp or jig
smoke test	烟雾测试
verification entry	验证入口	Gradle tasks, standalone GL, client acceptance and evidence boundaries
client acceptance	客户端验收
success marker	成功标识	Such as ANCHOR_EQUIPMENT_SMOKE_PASS, with the report in debug/anchor-equipment.json
headless	无窗口	runClientHeadless is still a full client: hidden by default on desktop platforms, EGL by default on Linux
evidence boundary	证据边界	A verification record should state compile / JVM, native physics, standalone GL, real client and platform / renderer combination separately
outfit	穿搭	The code variable name is ModelAssembly outfit; not wardrobe, which names an example page
swap	换装	Code McModelHandle.switchAssembly; not switch, which collides visually with the Java keyword
assembly	组装	Code ModelAssembly / ModelAssemblyBuilder
part	组件 / 部件
hidden region	隐藏区域	Expanded into face indices when the Part is built
reference remapping	引用重映射	Code ModelAssembly.Remap
cache key	缓存键	Covers part order, the object identity and revision of the source Models, the bone mapping, the final hidden-face set and the dynamics switch
anchor	锚点	Class name Anchor, not translated
display child	显示子物体	A display anchor bound to a skinned bone, such as the sword in a player's hand
display context	显示上下文	The vanilla ItemDisplayContext
dominant hand	惯用手	bindHands picks the physical hand anchor from the entity's dominant hand
namespace	命名空间	Unrelated to the formula module's namespace variable (Namespace)
resource location	资源位置	The code name ResourceLocation stays
creative tab	创建栏	A vanilla concept; the Chinese pages also say 创意标签页, both creative tab
lighting	光照	The MC light system (light engine); strictly distinct from shader pack
shader pack	光影	An Iris shader pack (ShaderPack / PipelineManager), not lighting

Do-not-translate list

These keep their original form in both languages; the examples are the forms that actually appear in the site.

Category	Examples
Class / API names	ModelInstance, ModelTickLoop, SkeletonDynamicsBuilder, CalikoIkSolver, ModelAssemblyCache, RenderPipelineScope, JsonTreeBuilder, ReloadOrchestrator, Diagnostics, McModelHandle
JSON keys / field names	on_register, on_reload, state_vars, bone_mask, cross_fade_seconds, alphaCutoff, include_secondary_bodies, model_scale, registry_groups, state_machines, animation_clips, ik_enabled
Commands	/reload, /kasuga_data errors, /kasuga_ragdoll deploy, /kasuga_physics block [1-32], /ksglib debug oit, /kasuga_pbr status
Module / directory names	modules/modelling, modules/render-core, modules/render-opengl, modules/data-driven, modules/formula, external/slp/javet, contentTesting
Version strings	Minecraft 1.21.1, NeoForge 21.1.203, Parchment 2024.11.17, Java 21, GLSL 150, Iris 1.8.12, Box3D commit 30c67b5e6d0a3a66f0f506c69ce9e9e0587e3b7c
Abbreviations	FSM, IK, PBR, OIT, WBOIT, MRT, AO, FBO, VBO, TBO, UBO, SSBO, VAO, CCD, AABB, UV, SSS, LabPBR, LRU, LOD, MMD, PMX, PMD, VMD, VPD, glTF, BE (block entity), D1–D6
Technologies / library names	OpenGL, LWJGL, JOML, Blaze3D, Micronaut, DataFixerUpper, Box3D, Caliko, Iris, Sodium, Blockbench, NeoForge, Fabric, Gradle, JUnit
Model format names	.bbmodel, .geo.json, .obj, .glb, .gltf, .mmd.zip, .pmx, .pmd, .vmd, .vpd
Resource / file paths	data/<namespace>/kasuga_lib/data_driven/, assets/<namespace>/models/model_proxy.json, modules/modelling/run/client/, build/reports/modelAssemblyProbe/report.json
Gradle tasks and properties	:modules:modelling:modelUnitTest, :modules:modelling:renderGlTest, renderingReleaseCheck, -PkasugaTestModel=mmd, -PkasugaClientDirectory, -Dkasuga.renderTestModels=false
Log strings / success markers	Loaded N JSON entries across M types for mod '<mod id>', ANCHOR_EQUIPMENT_SMOKE_PASS, CAMERA_ANIMATION_SMOKE_PASS, REAL_OVERLAY_SKINNING_PASS, FRAME_WINDOWS_SMOKE_PASS, HEADLESS_CLIENT_SMOKE_PASS, OITVisualTestScene
Render states / phase enums	AFTER_ENTITIES, AFTER_TRANSLUCENT_BLOCKS, OPAQUE, MASK, BLEND, MIRROR, OFFSCREEN_ONLY, PHASE_GROUPS / PHASE_CONTENT / PHASE_EMBEDDED, READY / PAUSED / FAILED / CLOSED, ALWAYS / MANUAL / HOST_RENDERER / VANILLA_RENDERER
Platform / driver terms	F3 + T, EGL, pbuffer, surfaceless, DPI, read/draw FBO, viewport, fence, storage, orphan, glReadPixels, glFinish, glBlitFramebuffer

Terms that are easy to translate wrongly

Each of these already means something else in rendering, animation or this repository's code, so the wrong pick collides with an established concept. The left column holds the term to use.

English term	中文	❌ Don't write	Notes
multi-camera	多机位	multi-view, multi-viewport	multi-view already means multiview rendering, which is not the same as this project rendering several camera views in sequence inside one client, each with its own world cache and output
camera view	机位	camera, rig, station	A viewpoint, not a physical rig; camera collides with CameraType (Player / Free / Fixed) and the vanilla Camera
view	视角	camera; don't use 视角 for a camera view	A view is the output-side route (view ID, main view = main view); camera view is the viewpoint
diamond closure	菱形闭环	diamond constraint, diamond loop	constraint collides with the generic constraint used throughout the repository (joint constraint, pose constraint)
closure / closed loop	闭环（通用）	closed chain	"Chain" is taken by the IK chain (IkChain, links); a closure is not a closed chain but a positional closure imposed on two tips
pose	姿态	posture, stance, gesture	posture and stance describe a person's position, which is not the same concept as an animation pose; the code type names are Pose, PoseDriver, ModelPosing
pipeline	管线	conduit, duct, line	conduit and duct are physical pipes
mount	挂载	installation, loading, equip	Install means installing a mod or a JDK; a mount is a runtime registry entry (mount() / add / remove). Equipment attachment is a separate concept
culling	剔除	cropping, clipping, cutting	clipping means clip space and clip planes, not frustum culling
frustum	视锥	visual cone, view cone	The fixed term is view frustum
opaque / mask / blend, translucent for stages	半透明 / 透明	transparent for everything	Materials are split into OPAQUE / MASK / BLEND, and there is a separate vanilla translucent render stage (AFTER_TRANSLUCENT_BLOCKS); "translucent replay" is translucent replay. Writing transparent everywhere erases the three-way split
lighting	光照	light, shadow	The MC light system (light engine)
shader pack	光影	lighting, light and shadow	An Iris shader pack (each camera view has its own ShaderPack, PipelineManager and material settings)
impulse	冲量	momentum	Momentum is a different quantity; the code entry point is applyImpulse
force / torque	力 / 力矩	strength	Code entry points applyForce / applyTorque
writeback	写回	feedback, write into	feedback is used in this repository only for framebuffer feedback
evaluate / evaluation	求值	compute, calculation	compute names the formula module's arithmetic engine
parse / decode / solve	解析 / 解码 / 求解	mixing the three	parse handles fields and JSON, decode turns them into objects (Decoded / decodeFile), solve handles IK and physics. Three independent mechanisms with their own code names
bucket	桶	basket, pail, container	Code clearBucket()
domain	域	area, region, field	Code Diagnostics.Domain; region is taken by the bone region (PartBuilder.region)
manifest	清单	list, inventory	Code resolveIndexManifests, IndexManifest
fixture	夹具	clamp, jig	In maths and graphics clamp is a clamping operation; borrowing it for a test fixture creates ambiguity
variant	变体	version, edition	version and revision mean a resource version (long revision) and are part of the cache key
skeleton	骨架	framework	framework means the rendering framework here (uml.framework, the UML rendering framework)